Abstract

This study examines the complex and enduring connection between natural resource wealth and the continuation of conflict in Sudan. Focusing on oil, gold, and fertile land, the study investigates how these resources have not only fueled internal conflicts but also attracted foreign intervention, reshaping Sudan's geopolitical identity. Drawing on historical records, academic literature, and contemporary case studies, the paper analyzes how resource extraction has been employed to finance authoritarianism, guerrilla movements, environmental degradation, and the displacement of native peoples. It is critical of the role played by state and non-state actors, foreign governments, and transnational corporations in fueling conflict and inequality in the guise of economic growth. The results indicate a trend of elite capture and institutional failure that subverts resource governance, deepens social cleavages, and makes peacebuilding more difficult. The research concludes that sustainable peace in Sudan is attainable only if there is a paradigm shift towards inclusive, transparent, and conflict-sensitive natural resource management that is underpinned by domestic reforms and responsible international action.                                                                                                      

Key words: Sudan, natural resources, conflict financing, oil, gold, arable land, resource governance, armed groups, geopolitics, foreign intervention, peacebuilding, elite capture, multinational corporations, conflict-sensitive management.